Biological monitoring has proved extremely valuable in assessing the health risk of persons exposed to hazardous chemical substances in the environment or at the workplace. The chemical compounds are generally determined in body fluids. They are present in trace or ultratrace concentrations. Specific and extremely sensitive methods of chemical analysis are necessary to separate these substances from the biological matrix and to determine them precisely.





This volume contains 12 standardized analytical methods. All methods are suitable for routine use. They meet exceptionally high standards of reliability and reproducibility and are in accordance with 'Good Laboratory Practice'. Considerable emphasis is placed on sample collection methods and on analytical quality control. One gereral chapter introduces biological monitoring using ICP-spectroscopy.