Direct Democracy mechanisms are tools that can be used to enhance citizen participation in democratic governance. In order to further explore the ways in which such tools can be used, International IDEA is publishing the International IDEA Handbook on Direct Democracy. This Handbook offers readers a non-prescriptive look at direct democracy in order to assist practitioners in implementing the mechanisms of their choice. While many other books on direct democracy have a regional or national approach, or simply focus on one of the many mechanisms associated with direct democracy, the International IDEA Handbook on Direct Democracy delves into a global comparison of direct democracy mechanisms, including referendums, citizens' initiatives, agenda initiatives and recall. A detailed look into each of these instruments is discussed in a chapter by chapter analysis of each tool, with measures for best practices of implementation included in a comprehensive chapter of its own. To complement the best practices, a