Dietary Reference Intakes
for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient
intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This
new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values
for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes
nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance
and the reduction of chronic disease risk.
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate
discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in
human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the
establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages,
and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of
Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes
research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding
of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as
adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water,
sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable
reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.Table of Contents


Front Matter
Summary
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes
2 Overview and Methods
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
4 Water
5 Potassium
6 Sodium and Chloride
7 Sulfate
8 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and Water
9 A Research Agenda
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms
Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes
Appendix C: Predictions of Daily Water and Sodium Requirements
Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998
Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data for Adults from Ten Provinces, 1990–1997
Appendix G: U.S. Water Intake and Serum Osmolality Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
Appendix H: U.S. Total Water Intake Data by Frequency of Leisure Time Activity from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994
Appendix I: Dose-Response Effects of Sodium Intake on Blood Pressure
Appendix J: Serum Electrolyte Concentrations NHANES III, 1988-94
Appendix K: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties
Appendix L: Acknowledgments
Appendix M: Biographical Sketches of Panel Members
Index