This volume consists of contributions by speakers at a Conference on Algebra and its Applications that took place in Athens, Ohio, in March of 2005. It provides a snapshot of the diversity of themes and applications that interest algebraists today. The papers in this volume include some of the latest results in the theory of modules, noncommutative rings, representation theory, matrix theory, linear algebra over noncommutative rings, cryptography, error-correcting codes over finite rings, and projective-geometry codes, as well as expository articles that will provide algebraists and other mathematicians, including graduate students, with an accessible introduction to areas outside their own expertise. The book will serve both the specialist looking for the latest result and the novice seeking an accessible reference for some of the ideas and results presented here.