Rapid economic and social transformation in rural China has aroused enormous scholarly interest at home and abroad. However, a systematic study of this new mode of resource distribution is to date still underdeveloped; and the complexity of resource allocation in the present-day peasant society of China has not been surveyed as an independent theme. This book presents an effort to look into issues relating to the allocation of income, opportunities and assets in a village society; and thus, tries to shed light on the agent and mechanism of resource distribution in the post-reform era.