This book employs the modern econometric approaches such as DEA, Malmquist Index and Tobit models to evaluate research effectiveness and productivity of research-oriented universities in China. On the basis of five-year longitudinal data of more than a hundred “Project 211” universities, this book illustrates the current status of the effectiveness and productivity of  research-oriented universities , demonstrating  regional differences, exploring dynamic changes and identifying underlying factors. Any researcher or policymaker who cares about the recent development in Chinese higher education in the 21st century will benefit from our in-depth analyses.  ​