In "Czechs and Germans 1848-2004", Vaclav Houzvicka describes the development of the Czech-German national controversies from the mid-nineteenth century through the establishing of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 and finally to the beginning of the twenty-first century. He focuses mainly on the tragic end of the nations' coexistence in 1938-1945 and the development - in the latter part of the twentieth century - of differing Czech and German explanations for the reasons the Germans were removed from the Czechoslovak Republic after 1945. A detailed explanation of Czech, German, and Sudeten-German concepts is rendered coherently and in detail within the international and socioeconomic context of the twentieth century.