Basic Concepts of Probability and Statistics provides a mathematically rigorous introduction to the fundamental ideas of modern statistics for readers without a calculus background. It is the only book at this level to introduce readers to modern concepts of hypothesis testing and estimation, covering basic concepts of finite, discrete models of probability and elementary statistical methods. Although published in 1970, it maintains a modern outlook, especially with such topics as models and model building, simple random and stratified survey sampling, experimental design, and nonparametric tests and its discussion of power. The book covers a wide range of applications in manufacturing, biology, and social science, including demographics, political science, and sociology. Each section offers extensive problem sets, with selected answers provided. Among the topics covered that readers may not expect in an elementary text are optimal design and a statement and proof of the fundamental (Neyman-Pearson) lemma for hypothesis testing.