Ban Lum Khao is a prehistoric settlement in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeast Thailand. Excavations in 1995-6 revealed a cultural sequence that began in the late Neolithic, followed by three mortuary phases covering the Bronze Age. This report describes the excavation, chronology, the material culture, human remains and social structure of the prehistoric inhabitants. It is the first volume in a series reporting on the research programme "The Origins of the Civilization of Angkor".