Modern railways are no longer the sole forte of civil and mechanical engineering. They now involve a broad range of multidisciplinary engineering domains from advanced computing, digital telecommunications, and networking to big data analytics and even artificial intelligence. Among the emerging technologies and innovations in railways, hyperloop transportation systems employing magnetic propulsion, hydrogen-powered trains, and autonomous intelligent systems in the control and command subsystems of railways have significant potential to improve the performance of railways in terms of speed, service availability, comfort, sustainability, and potentially safety. These innovations will also help mitigate carbon emissions. This volume presents the latest research on railway engineering and transportation and discusses the practices and processes involved in shaping modern railways.