Heitor Villa-Lobos’ Suite populaire brésilienne for guitar was born out of the composer’s youthful experience playing in a “chôro” ensemble, a typical form of popular urban musical expression found in Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century. This noted composition was published by Max Eschig in 1955, based on the manuscript from 1948. An earlier manuscript of the Suite, dated 1928, was rediscovered in 2005 in the archives of Max Eschig editions. The present critical edition, edited by Frédéric Zigante, includes both versions (which belong to two different creative periods, separated by twenty years), and a new commentary that illustrates the differences between the two versions.