Containing over 7000 entries, A Biographical Dictionary of Women Physicians Nineteenth-Century America captures the diversity of the individual women who sought to become physicians, their wide range of medical interests, and their accomplishments in the field pertinent medical and autobiographical writings, as well as their impact on the profession and on American culture. It includes all known women-from all classes and races-who received medical degrees, and a few notable women who were identified as physicians through apprentice systems that continued into mid-century. An extensive scholarly introduction serves to illuminate trends (such as the shift from apprentice-based training to formal medical school training, and the growing emphasis on allopathic treatments and clinical training in the latter part of the century) and to configure women's medical advancements within the contexts of other nineteenth-century reform movements. Entries are of three kinds: "