This book examines modern debates and controversies that have made up the history of the Roman family. What did it feel like to be a member of a Roman family? How different was it being a daughter rather than a son, a husband rather than a wife? What role did grandparents play in the family? Did children matter? How did experiences differ among various classes and geographical areas of the Roman empire over time, especially with the advent of Christianity? Looking at written texts (literary, epigraphical; and papyrological) and archaeological evidence (ranging from household items to house plans), this book examines the interactions of ideals and social realities, and the issues and controversies that surround the history of the family. It will show both students and teachers the nature of modern debates and enable them to assess the ancient evidence first hand. It offers a wide range of sources including literary, archaeological, artistic, legal, documentary, coins and inscriptions. It gathers key texts in one place. It presents useful tools such as glossary, bibliography and questions for consideration. There are guides to further reading and web resources to encourage research.