In
the subject of power systems, authors felt that a re-look is necessary at some
conventional methods of analysis. In this book, the authors have subjected the
time-honoured load flow to a close scrutiny. Authors have discovered and discussed
a new load flow procedure – Modular Load Flow. Modular Load
Flow explores use of power – a
scalar – as source for electrical circuits which are conventionally analysed by
means of phasors – the ac voltages or currents. The method embeds Kirchhoff’s
circuit laws as topological property into its scalar equations and results in a
unique wonderland where phase angles do not exist! Generators
are shown to have their own worlds
which can be superimposed to obtain the state of the composite power system.  The treatment is useful in restructured power
systems where stakeholders and the system operators may desire to know
individual generator contributions in line flows and line losses for commercial
reasons. Solution in Modular Load Flow consists of explicit expressions which
are applicable with equal ease to well-conditioned, ill-conditioned and very
low voltage situations. It is found to be computationally much faster than the
iterative load flows and indicates promise for online application. Indian blackouts
of July 30 and 31, 2012 are analysed using an equivalent grid network to
indicate its utility. Besides its ability to deal with ground reality in power
systems, Modular Load Flow points to a theory that unveils interesting
mathematical structures which should entice avid researchers.



Second author
has had first author as teacher and third author as student. The lecture notes
therefore reflect ethos of three generations of teachers.