Nanotechnology is revolutionising the world of materials. The research and development of nanofibres has gained much prominence in recent years due to the heightened awareness of its potential applications in the medical, engineering and defence fields. Among the most successful methods for producing nanofibres is the electrospinning process. Electrospinning introduces a new level of versatility and broader range of materials into the micro/nanofibre range. An old technology, electrospinning has been rediscovered, refined, and expanded into non-textile applications. The discovery and rapid evolution of carbon nanotubes have led to a vastly improved understanding of nanotechnology, as well as dozens of possible applications for nanomaterials of different shapes and sizes ranging from composites to biology, medicine, energy, transportation, and electronic devices. This book offers an overview of structure -- property relationships, synthesis and purification, and potential applications of electrospun nanofibres and nanotubes. The collection of topics in this book aims to reflect the diversity of recent advances in electrospun nanofibres and nanotubes with a broad perspective.