The book comprises 31 articles authored by renowned scientists in the country, each specializing in the study of microorganisms and harnessing their potential for the betterment of humanity. The articles featured in the book present thought-provoking perspectives on a range of topics, including Taxonomy, Diversity, and Applications of VAM fungi in various ecosystems, as well as Microbial Technology for Treatment of effluents from a Gelatine Factory, and the Biodiversity of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Trichoderma. Additionally, the book covers topics such as Useful microbes in Mangrove Ecosystems, Extremophiles, PGPRs, Phytotoxins, Litter Decomposition, Biopesticides, Botanical Pesticides, and Biofertilizers, as well as critical concerns related to the Evolution and Conservation of Microbial Biodiversity. The articles are original, up-to-date, and relevant to current discourse.