WOODWORK FOR BEGINNERS -- PREFACE -- THIS BOOK has been written in the hope that it may be of service in those grammar schools where a more extended treatment of subject-matter, such as that contained in the authors Essentials of Woodworking, is not possible of utilization to an extent sufficient tb warrant its adoption as an individual text. The average time presupposed for the accomplishment of the subject-matter contained-herein, with its efficient application in the form of projects or models, is from one to three hours a week for a period of two years, or its equivalent. One-third of this time may well be devoted to correlated mechanical drawing. With the limited time at the students disposal as presupposed in this text, there is hardly time for any study of related informational matter, such as trees and tree growth. Then, too, in many schools such subject-matter is efficiently treated in the classes in nature study, or should be. The teacher desiring an outline of a course in woodwork with drawings of possible projects suitable for grammar grades is referred to the authors Correlated Courses in Woodwork a d Mechanical Drawing. Assignment of text for study should be by sections, as they relate to the sho . p . work being done, rather than by page sequence. -- CONTENTS PAGE -- PREFACE . . . . . 3 CHAPTER I . LUMBERT ERMS W ORKING D RAW INGS ESTIMATINSTGO CK . 7 I. Lumber terms 2. Working drawings 3. Stock bill. CHAPTE 1 R 1 . LAYING-OUTTO OLS T HEIRU SES 13 4. The rule 5. Pencil and knife 6. The trysquare 7 . The framing square 8. The bevel 9. The marking gage 10. The dividers. . I I. Hand or crosscu t-saw and rip-saw I 2. Sawing with hand or crosscut-saw and with rip-saw 13. Theback-saw. CHAPTE I R V . PLANE S THEIR ADJUSTMENTS. FACE SIDE FACE EDGE 24 . 14. Planes 15. Adjustments of a standard plane 16 Face-side, face-edge. I 7. Mill-marks 18 Methods of squaring-up stock 19. Squaring-up mill-planed stock, first method 20. Squaring-up mill-planed stock, second method 2 I, . . Squaring-up rough stock Planing a chamfer. 6 WOODWORK FOR BEGINNERS CHAPTERV I. BORING TOOLS T HEIR USES. CHISELS AND CHISELING . 43 23. Brace or bitstock 24. The auger-bit 25. The drill bit awls the gimlet bit 26. Countersink bit screwdriver bit 27. Chisels 28. Chiseling 29. The gouge 30. Whetting chisels and plane irons. CHAPTERV II. ADDITIONAL T OOLS A ND APPLI ANCES THEIR USES . . 53 31. Sandpaper 32. Hammer nailset 33. Nails nailing 34. The screwdriver screws fastening with screws 35. Glue clamps 36. The spokeshave working curved edges. CHAPTER V III. SIMPLE J OINERY . . . . 61 3 7. Joinery general directions 38. Directions for making a dado 39. Cross-lap joint 40. Directions for cross-lap joint. CHAPTERIX . WOOD FINISHING . . . 69 41. Materials for wood finishing 42. General directions for using brush 43. Simple finishes for close grained woods 44. Simple finishes for coarse grained woods 45. Painting. WOODWORK FOR BEGINNERS CHAPTER I LUMBERT ERMSW ORKINGD RAWINGS . ESTIMATINSGT OCK 1. Lumber Terms.-Every boy who has had to cut kindling knows that wood will split when struck along the general direction of its growth. The fibers separate easily, Fig. 1. Grain is a term used to designate the direction of the fibers along the grain means in the general direction of growth. Length in woodwork has reference to that direction in Fig. 1. Splits Easiest Along the Grain which the wood splitseasiest that is, along the grain. A board might therefore, be wider than it is long. Fig. 2 will make clear the mean-Fig. 2. Common Terms Illustrated Fig. 3. Direction of Surface Grain 7 8 N O O D Q R L L L iL BEGINNERS I In pldningL it I k g rfXck C L L L r C i L s L o C, m etimes be roughened instead of smoothed thiifs called working against the grain. Fig...