With research continuing to expand and develop, the marketplace for sensors and instrumentation remains one of the most significant for the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the economies of major developed nations. Sensors and Their Applications XI discusses novel research in the field of sensors and transducers, and provides valuable insight into new and topical applications of the technology. The book records the breadth and quality of the field and acts as a topical record of work in sensors and their applications. It will serve as an invaluable reference for physicists, engineers, and chemists working in this area of technology for many years to come.