Following the very successful 1st conference in Sapporo, Japan in 1995, the 2nd conference presents a series of papers on concrete structures which are subjected to severe environmental forces. Recent experience of the performance of concrete structures has demonstrated the need for a better integration of structural and durability design; the development of new design concepts; and an improvement in the basis for the operation and maintenance of concrete structures, including repair and retro-fitting. This book addresses all these important issues.