Biological repair of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main purposes in orthopedics and traumatology.

In recent years, these two disciplines have had a particular development with the creation and use of new materials, new designs of synthetic media, prosthetic implants, and new instruments for their applications. The research to reconstruct the damaged tissues has always been the mirage of the orthopedic surgeon for which regenerative medicine has progressively developed, intending to get to repair bones, cartilage, tendons, muscles, and skin.

After an introduction to the basic science related to the biological materials used: stem cells, platelet aggregates and scaffolds, some cell isolation systems are presented. Subsequently, animal studies and the most common clinical applications are presented, including bone repair, cartilage, muscle, and tendons. In addition to the various surgical treatments, the effect of biophysical stimulation on tissue regeneration is also treated.