South Asia is among the fastest growing regions in the world, but it is also home to the largest concentration of people living in conditions of debilitating poverty, human misery, gender disparities, and conflict. This volume focuses on the impact of demographics, globalization, human mobility, and the rise of the middle class in accelerating growth in South Asia, in the context of transformational challenges-modernization, inclusiveness and vulnerability. Taking cognizance of the diversity within and across countries, it emphasizes pluralism in development. Bringing together essays by distinguished academics on South Asia, the volume examines critical issues and offers incisive analysis to bring out the diversity of perspectives and arguments for a nuanced picture of economic transition in South Asia. Offering rigorous empirical evidence, it highlights the role of governance and the need for sound policies to manage transformation as well as harness growth drivers within the region.