The Portuguese New State (Estado Novo), a dictatorship regime based on a corporatist ideology, built up an ambitious maritime policy. Making the nation go back to the sea served to promote economic self-sufficiency and to recover the past golden age of oceanic navigation. Both fed positively into the regimes propaganda arguments. Rebuilding a Blue Nation offers an overview on the remarkable features of these modern age maritime policies: sardine and cod fisheries, merchant fleets and colonial routes, shipping and ports. Describing the form of the national maritime economy, and how the New State ideology drove its programmes until the 1970s, reveals insights into the institutional structure of the regime and its political elites discourse. Under the banner of national sovereign policies, research into the economic branches of Antonio de Oliveira Salazars authoritarian regime provides hitherto unavailable data on fish landings, shipping and navy expenditure. Topics include: shipping and trade port policies; cod and sardine fishing, and the ecosystem; maritime sports and oceanic leisure; and merchant fleets and colonial routes. Addressing the impact of external and multilateral regulations on these autarkic national economic institutions shows up the inner workings of the regime. The connection between the Portuguese corporatist system and the national maritime economy is an exemplar for better understanding the New States ideology as historians continue to debate the economic and social impact of the 40-year dictatorship. Rebuilding a Blue Nation moves the argument away from rural and colonial viewpoints to provide a unique avenue of historical assessment.