Despite the development of numerous antimicrobial agents, the successful eradication of bacterial infections remains a challenge, and bacteria continue to pose a major public health threat. It is estimated that, due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases will become a leading cause of death by 2050. The current annual focus is on the challenges and advantages in the prevention and diagnosis of infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens. The book also includes a dedicated chapter on the diagnosis of tuberculosis, one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide. Additionally, readers will find chapters describing achievements in the diagnosis and detection of common gastrointestinal tract pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni, authored by experts in their fields.