EMBEDDED SYSTEMS discusses the architecture, its basic hardware and software elements, programming models and software engineering practices that are used for system development process. The embedded system resources are microprocessor, memory, ports, devices and power supply unit. The innovative technologies and tools for designing an embedded system are incorporated in this book alongwith the parallel and serial port devices, timing devices, devices for synchronous, isosynchronous and asynchronous communications in embedded system. It also covers the most important aspect of real time programming through the use of signals, mutex, message queues, mailboxes, pipes and virtual sockets and explains the Concepts of Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS).