In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the chemistry, uses and potential side effects of mannitol. Topics discussed include the utilisation and production of D-mannitol by bacteria; concentration of mannitol and other soluble carbohydrates in the crustose lichen rhizocarpon geographicum; disease-related changes and mannitols use for clinical disorders; use of mannitol in thermal energy storage applications; and chiral phosphorous ligands derived from D-mannitol.