In this age of the photon, information optics and photonics represent the key technologies to sustain our knowledge-based society. New concepts in classical and quantum-entangled light and coherent matter and novel materials and processes have led to remarkable advances in today's information science and technology. This volume contains a collection of 32 chapters from internationally leading scientists and research groups on a variety of topics in information optics and photonics, including the 2003-2006 ICO Prize winners. The chapters are divided into 7 sections: Beam Optics; Laser Photonics and Components; Electromagnetic Coherence; Imaging, Microscopy, Holography, and Materials; Photonics Processing; Quantum Information and Matter; and, Communications and Networks.