The religious philosophy of the Hebrews. None of the Gnostic systems has so often been compelled under the hands of critics to change its birthplace as the so-called Kabbalah. No monument of Oriental philosophy has called forth such conflicting hypotheses as to the time and place of its composition as the universal code of the Kabbalists, the Zohar. No writer of the history of philosophy has undertaken to translate the picturesque, metaphorical language of Jewish gnosis into the reasoning mode of expression of abstract thinking, until now.