Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance characterised by disturbances in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. It is estimated that between 5-10% of the population suffer from this disease. This syndrome is a contributing factor in a large percentage of deaths from heart attacks and strokes as well as renal failure and vascular disease. About 90% of the cases of diabetes mellitus fall into Type 2 where obesity plays a major role. Research in the field is wide-spread ranging from causes to treatment. This book brings together leading research from throughout the world.