This technical paper deals with the transmission dynamics of antimicrobial resistance as a consequence of the use, overuse and even abuse of antimicrobial medicines in animal production (both terrestrial and aquatic) systems. It examines the risk of spread through food production and distribution chains and the environment, and potential effects on local and global trade. It provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, types and mechanisms of resistance, and methods of spread between humans and animals. In addition, the paper presents the different types of food production systems and how these influence both local and global pathways of transmission.