This book provides a comprehensive overview of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It includes fifteen chapters over four sections on “Clinical Nephrology”, “Biomarkers and Molecular Biology”, “Hemodialysis and Transplantation”, and “Basic Research and Innovation”. Chapters address such topics as cardiovascular disease in CKD patients, diabetic kidney disease, palliative care in CKD, biochemical tests for evaluating CKD, renal replacement treatment options, artificial intelligence in CKD, and much more.