The introduction surveys recent scholarship on “Arianism” and offers a different perspective on approaching the fourth century. Chapter 2 focuses on Eusebius of Caesarea, especially Book X of the Ecclesiastical History and the Life of Constantine. Chapter 3 attempts to reconstruct the witness of an anonymous “Arian” chronicler. Chapters 4 and 5 analyze the roles of Rufinus and Philostorgius in establishing the historical narratives of the “Arian” controversy.