This study was commissioned by the major Italian Jewish organizations in the late 1950s to understand and publicize the history of the Jews living in Italy under the Fascist regime and during the Second World War. The new paperback edition will have the support of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. The tragic account of the persecution of the Jews in a single country was the first of its kind to be published after the war in 1961 in the wake of the Adolf Eichmann trial in Israel.