This book examines the history of violence and terrorism while showing how fragmentation is accelerating to such proportions that it now threatens to annihilate all of humanity. Though no different today than it was centuries ago, violence is now aided by modern technology and its promotion of destructive weapons. The author comes to realize that among the most frustrating global problems of the twentieth century are the myriad reasons to justify violence, thus formulating "ethical standards" for it. Contents: Introduction; Latin Christendom through the American Revolution; Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Czarist Russia and the Soviet Union; Islam; A Brief History of China and Japan; The Future of China and Japan; Europe: After the French Revolution and Beyond; Western Europe and the United States; Latin America, South Africa, and India in the World Setting; Summary; Postscript; Bibliography; Index.