This publication gathers contributions from renowned researchers on recent evaluations of education and training systems and reforms. The case studies provide insight into current evaluation practices in several European countries and assess the results of international and EU-supported programmes and initiatives. This publication is part of the background report to Cedefop's third research report, dedicated to evaluation and impact of education and training. The other volumes address the Impact of education and training and the Foundations of evaluation and impact research. The third research report is complemented by a synthesis report which provides a comprehensive review of types and results of evaluation and impact research in Europe and beyond. The series of Cedefop reports on vocational education and training research have been published since 1998. They take into account the wider context in which vocational education and training is embedded and discuss the implications for policy, practice and future research.