Marking the 10th anniversary of the Ayatollah Khomeini's triumphant return to the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1989 proved a benchmark year in Iran's history, with author Salman Rushdie condemned to execution, Iranian liberals and the West denounced, Khomeini's chosen successor removed, and Khomeini's death. In this work, international experts from Iran, Europe, Africa and the United States assess the worldwide impact of the Iranian revolution on other Muslim societies and give us a remarkable analysis of the status of Islamic revivalism in a wide variety of Islamic states and societies - Lebanon, Bahrain, Egypt, Tunisia, Nigeria, Turkey, the USSR, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Iraq. Sponsors of the book and of the 1989 conference that inspired it are the Middle east Institute, the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, and the Royal Institute of International Affairs. The book addresses such issues as the failure of the Iranian revolution to replicate itself in other countries and the extent to which Iran's experience has shaped the politics, economics and cultures of other countries.