PREFACE. This pamphlet is, by necessity, largely a compilation a com- pilation of facts gathered together with considerable pains, either by my own personal examination and observation, or the investi- gation of others who have given especial attention to such matters. The intention and aim in bringing together the information here collected is to put in compact and handy form what precise knowl- edge we now have of the coal beds and their coals and the coal trade of that great section of country drained by the waters of the Great Kanawha River, and outlying regions contiguous to it, in West Virginia. I wish here, also, to express my obligation to the many gen- tlemen who have kindly aided me in gathering this information, and especially would I mention among them Mr. Addison M. Scott, U. S. Resident Engineer, Great Kauawha River Improvements Prof. I. C. White, of Morgantown Mr. J. H. Bramwell, M. C. E. Mr. Stuart M. Buck, M. C. E. Mr. Jed. Hotchkiss, M. E. Mr. M. A. Miller, M. C. E. Mr. A. M. Campbell, E. M. Mr. Jo. L. Beury, Mr. John Cooper, Mr. W. L. Nuttall, Mr. H. J. Tucker, M. C. E. Mr. O. A. Veasy, M. C. E. Mr. R. O. Baillie, M. C. E. Mr. L A. Welch, C. E. Mr. C. E. F, Burn- ley, M. C. E. as well as to Messrs. A. S. McCreath and E. V. DInvilliers for data heretofore published by them regarding an- alyses of Virginia and Southern coals and cokes. If any one who may need and desire such information as is here collected shall find this pamphlet of service my end will have been gained. Charleston-Kanawha, W. Va., May 1, 1892. 819482 WILLIAM SEYMOUR EDWARDS. iii CONTENTS. I. GEOLOGICAL, STRATIGRAPHICAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYS- ICAL VIEW. CHAPTER. PAGE. I. General Review of the CoalMeasures of West Virginia. ... 7 II. Giving Vertical Cross-Sections of Coal Fields from actual Measurements 19 III. Giving Vertical Cross-Sections of various Coal Seams where opened and worked 46 IV. Giving Tables of Chemical Analyses of Coals, and in com- parison with Coals of other States, America and Europe. 63 V. Tables showing Gas Producing Efficiency of Great Kanawha Coals. 69 VI. Tables showing Steam Producing Efficiency of West Virginia Coals, as demonstrated by U. S. Government Tests, and in comparison with other Coals 73 VII. Tables of Chemical Analyses of Cokes, and in comparison with Cokes of other States, America and Europe VIII. Tables of Physical Analyses and Tests of West Virginia Cokes, and in comparison with other States, America and Europe APPENDIX TO PART I. . 81 76 79 COALS AND COKES IN WEST VIRGINIA. PART I. GEOLOGICAL, STRATIGRAPHICAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL VIEWS. CHAPTER I. A Brief Review of the Coal Measures of Southern West Virginia. SECTION I. The State of West Virginia, occupying the middle and widest portion of the Appalachian coal field, is the greatest coal bearing state of the Union, possessing an estimated coal area of sixteen thousand square miles, as against twelve thousand square miles in Pennsylvania and nine thousand square miles in Kentucky. Of the fifty-four counties in the state, probably not more than three, and possibly four of them, the counties of Jefferson, Berkeley, and Morgan, in the north-eastern panhandle, and Monroe, in the south- ern tier, are wholly without coal. Within the borders of the commonwealth may be viewed in dis- tinct geological series every formation of the carboniferous epoch, with the divers rocks and coal beds thatmark each formative period...