Nanomaterials are destined to become a discipline as distinct and important as polymers are in chemistry! With the realization that the structure of molecules such as C60 and C70 followed simple geometric principles, it became clear that a great variety of hollow, closed carbon structures, including nanotubes, could be made along the same principles. The modern nanotube can be thought of as the ultimate fiber formed of perfectly closed, seamless shells having unique features, such as mechanical and electronic properties that are very sensitive to its geometry and its dimensions. The nanotube has many uses: