The first full-scale study of the rule of Cromwell’s major-generals over England and Wales during 1655 and 1656. This is a period which had a dramatic impact upon contemporaries and has remained a powerful symbol of military rule down to the present day. Contains chapters on the three most important aspects of the major-generals' work: the collection of the decimation tax; the attempt to improve the security of the regime; and the struggle to build the 'Godly Nation'. Concludes with an investigation of the 1656 election and the major-generals subsequent unexpected fall from power. Fills a major gap in the historiography of Cromwellian England.