Volume 5 of Advances in Nutritional Research reflects a strong current interest in the relationship between nutrition and disease. The impact of disease on nutritional status is described for hepatic encephalopathy and cancer and for several ailments of hospitalized children. The impact of nutrition on disease is illustrated using the examples of retinol in tumorigenesis, vitamins A and E in inflammatory lung disease, fatty acids in atherogenesis and obesity, and folate in megaloblastic anemia. The contents will be of particular interest to clinicians and to students of nutritional biochemistry. vii Contents Chapter 1. Nutritional Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy ... Robert H. Bower and Josef E. Fischer 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. The Nature of Hepatic Encephalopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1. The Ammonia Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2. The Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Nutritional Support in Hepatic Insufficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3. 1. Therapeutic Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2. Therapeutic Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Experiments in Animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Experience with Patients in Hepatic Encephalopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.1. Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5.2. Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy........................ 9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Chapter 2. Cellular Retinol-and Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins... 13 Frank Chytil and David E. Ong 1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Cellular Retinol-and Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins . . . . . . . . . . 13 . 2.1. Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Binding Proteins in Cultured Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 . . . . . . . 4. Binding Proteins in Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Binding Proteins in Experimental Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . 4.2. Binding Proteins in Human Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix x Contents Chapter 3. Nutrition and 3-Methylindole-lnduced Lung Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .