For many years Italy has been the worst in the class of European countries failing to regularly and promptly apply European environmental law. In severe cases, this produced serious financial consequences for the Italian State. The articles gathered in this book report the result of a field research on the problems of implementation of European environmental law in Italy which was conducted over two years. Every chapter examines this phenomenon by focusing on the causes and forms of non-implementation to EU environmental law. The first part of this book helps to understand the complexity of the implementation process, particularly with regard to the transposition of directives into national law. In the second part, the book analyzes the most important infringement cases in Italy, for example the problem of waste in Naples, the question of hunting and the air quality monitoring requirements. This latter part contains also suggestions on how to improve knowledge on implementation and to find appropriate mechanisms to solve the problems of implementation.