This book draws contributions from 13 leading labour law and industrial relations scholars in four countries - Australia, Britain, Japan and New Zealand. It examines: different national approaches to individual employment agreements; the impact of individualisation upon trade unions, collective bargaining and labour markets in four countries; the legislative and other legal aspects of individual employment arrangements in four countries; the legal frameworks for individual agreements in three Australian jurisdictions and the Australian Commonwealth Public Service; analysis of the types of clauses which appear in individually negotiated contracts in Britain; the role which individual employment agreements may play in negotiation strategies between employers and unions; the crucial role of the State in promoting individual employment relations in Britain, Australia and New Zealand; and the use to which individual agreements may be put in developing more flexible employment relations.