Suggesting that all components of the criminal and juvenile justice systems are interrelated to varying degrees, this thorough study describes the objectives of probation and parole for criminally convicted adults and juveniles and whether these objectives are achieved. Helping students deepen their understanding of these philosophies through an examination of the history of parole and probation in the United States, it describes probation and parole programs, considers various classes of offenders, and highlights several problems associated with the selection and training of probation and parole officers including their relationships with offender-clients. It remains the only major text of its kind to combine the standard topics in probation and parole with full coverage of recent trends in community corrections. Exceptionally well organized, it emphasizes a legalistic approach, noting our key legal cases where appropriate and including our most recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions.