MicroRNA Advances and Application in Plant Biology presents a broad range of tools and techniques used for microRNA identification and utilization for diversity analysis in plants, crop improvement, and gene regulation. With expert insights, this book addresses those concepts through curated chapters that are well-illustrated with informative data, tables, figures, and photographs. While biological microRNA database resources have been created for the better understanding of structural and functional properties of primary-microRNAs (pri-microRNAs) to mature microRNAs, there remains a need for foundation understanding of how microRNAs may play a very crucial role in a plant lifecycle as an regulatory and stress tolerance molecule. There are still many unanswered questions about the structural and functional properties of the microRNAs, like the role of microRNA in crop improvement, gene regulation, stress tolerance, disease resistance plant, plant communication, and environmental interaction.