The environment consists of the surroundings in which an organism operates including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. It is this environment which is both so valuable, on the one hand, and so endangered on the other. Effects stemming from the choices made by the human population in regards to environmental health are by and large ruining the environment both for themselves and for other organisms. This series covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields focusing on the environment including current research data on the environmental risk assessment of pesticides in Mediterranean Portugal; vermitechnology for sustainable solid waste management; the fate of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in seawater; and soil fertility and nitrogen fertilisers in sustainable farming systems.