When Queen
Victoria came to the throne in 1837, Britain was home to only 30,000 Jews and
they did not yet have full political rights. By the end of the century their
numbers had increased about sevenfold, and practising Jews had taken their
places in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Victoria’s reign
therefore saw a tremendous change in the profile of Jews within British society.



The Victorian
period was also one of economic transition for British Jews. While initially in
a narrow range of predominantly working-class or marginal occupations with only
a small upper-class élite, Jews became increasingly middle-class during these
years; they began to enter the professions, and to move from inner London to
fashionable suburbs. Increasingly, Britain's Jews were British-born and of
British descent, and proclaimed their loyalty to British ideals. From 1881 on,
however, the position changed dramatically: a mass of Jewish immigrants
arriving from Russia, made conspicuous by their foreign dress, appearance,
language, and habits, prompted the emergence of an ‘Aliens Question’ into the
British political arena. The image of Jews changed yet again.



All these developments were picked up in
the illustrated magazines of the time: the object of a magazine is to interest
its readers, and the unfamiliar may be more compelling reading than the
commonplace. To illustrate the social history of the Jews in Victorian Britain,
the authors therefore combed the Illustrated
London News, Punch, and The Graphic and selected nearly 150
illustrations, with commentary, to show how the British image of the Jew
developed in this period. The topics considered include early Victorian
attitudes to Jews; the leading Jewish families and other prominent Jews; the
Jewish way of life; immigrant Jews; Jewish life abroad; and the Jew in art.