This Volume features a focus on the international law issues raised by the fight against piracy, which includes a detailed analysis of the ongoing dispute between Italy and India arising from the Enrica Lexie incident involving the accidental killing of Indian fishermen in an anti-piracy operation (Ronzitti), an assessment of the impact of piracy on the development of the law of the sea (Treves) and a comment on recent Italian legislation authorizing the deployment of anti-piracy armed personnel on merchant vessels, with the attendant risk of escalation of violence and human rights violations (Bevilacqua).