This book contains the proceedings of the conference "X-ray Astronomy 2009: present status, multi-wavelength approach and future perspectives" held in Bologna, Italy Sep 7-11 2009, "X-ray Astronomy 2009" was the third Xwray Astronomy conference held in Bologna every ten years, Since the time of the first conference in 1989 X-ray Astronomy has evolved as an important branch of modem astrophysics research, which is characterized by a truly multi wavelength approach and reflected in the presentations of the 2009 meeting, Excellent overviews of the observational and theoretical aspects related to the study of a wide range of cosmic sources were presented over the five days conference, corroborated by the most recent results obtained with the current space missions launched by NASA, ESA and JAXA as for XMM-Newton, Chandra, Suzaku, Swift and Integral along with associated synergies with major facilities, both ground and space based.