This catalogue is the fifth in a series publishing the cylinder seal collection in the department of Western Asiatic Antiquities in The British Museum. It covers the Syrian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian and Urarian seals of the first half of the first millennium BC, which form the largest collection of provenanced seals of the period in the world. The majority are published here for the first time. Like the previous volumes, the catalogue includes a detailed analysis and discussion of the materials by Margaret Sax of The British Museum Department of Scientific Research. The first volume in the series published the cylinder seals of the Uruk and early Dynastic periods. Volume 2 covered those of the Akkadin, Post-Akkadin and Ur III periods and volume 3 the Isin/Larsa and Old Babylonian periods. Volume 4 will include all other cylinder seals of the second millennium BC, and volume 6 will cover the pre-Achaemenid and Achaemenid seals of the first millennium BC.