An increased awareness of the importance of minority and subjugated voices to the histories and narratives which have previously excluded them has led to a wide spread interest in the effects of colonization and displacement. This collection of essays is the first to apply post colonial theory to the Middle Ages, and to critique that theory through the excavation of a distant past. The essays examine the establishment of colony, empire, and nationalism in order to expose the mechanisms of oppression through which 'aboriginal' 'native' or simply pre existent cultures are displaced, eradicated, or transformed.