High unemployment is widely regarded as the most important challenge facing European policy makers today. At unemployment rates of between 8% and 25% across the countries of the Union, Europe's performance compares particularly unfavourably with that of the United States. But does this result from an inability to understand the fundamental causes of the problem and a failure to find the economic policies that will solve it? CEPR's fifth annual Monitoring European Integration report brings together a distinguished team of European economists to analyse unemployment and review the many policy choices that have been proposed.